徐文静

• 1:天津师范大学图书馆

摘要(Abstract)：

对美国高校图书馆服务中小学生概况的调研显示,60%以上的州都有高校图书馆提供此类服务,其中多数隶属于位于城市的公立高校,服务对象以当地高中生为主。通过分别梳理美国高校图书馆服务中学生和小学生的发展历程,发现两者呈现出不同的特点。前者经历了半个多世纪的发展历程,主要服务内容包括:参观、信息素养教育、查阅馆藏、借书等;后者起步于20世纪90年代,其具体实践主要围绕阅读活动展开。此外,还分析了美国高校图书馆服务中小学生活动得以持续发展的深层原因,以及我国高校图书馆服务中小学生活动遇冷的根本原因。最后,探讨了我国高校图书馆对中小学生开放活动与中学研究性学习课程结合的可能性。

关键词(KeyWords)： 高校图书馆;中学生;小学生;高中生;研究性学习;信息素养

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学青年基金项目“社会化媒体情境下高校信息素养内容框架与教育实践实证研究”(编号:15CTQ013)的研究成果之一

作者(Author): 徐文静

DOI: 10.16603/j.issn1002-1027.2019.01.013

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• (1)高中生:根据美国的学制,9-12年级为高中阶段。
• (2)AP课程:全称为Advanced Placement,大学预修课程。这是高中阶段开设的具有大学一年级水平的课程,专门为特别优秀的学生而设立。如果高中生选修一门AP课程,并通过AP水平考试,那么这门课程的学分就能带入大学。AP成绩成为美国大学重要录取依据。
• (1)Honors课程:指美国高中的荣誉课程。美国高中将英语、数学、科学、外语等主要课程划分成几个难易不同的水平供学生选择。常见的划分方法为:基本水平、正常水平、荣誉水平、AP水平。荣誉课程在难度上高于前两种水平的课程,但是低于AP课程。
• (2)IB课程:全称为International Baccalaureate,国际文凭课程。这类课程起源于欧洲,在授课、考试和学分的计算上与AP课程基本相同,许多美国高中生也在选修这类课程。
• (1)Upward Bound:“攀登跃进项目”。该项目由美国联邦资助,主要帮助特定群体接受高等教育。特定群体包括:低收入家庭的高中生、父母没有上过大学的高中生、出生在美国并且想上大学的低收入退伍军人。
• (2)GEAR UP:全称为Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs,“快速启动规划项目”。该项目由美国教育部拨款,为低收入家庭的中学生提供教育支持和引导,以增加其被大学录取的几率。
• (3)婴儿潮:二战结束后,大批美国军人回国,从1946-1964年,这18 年间婴儿潮人口高达7600万人,这一人群被通称为“婴儿潮一代”。
• (1)阅读伴侣项目:1985年,威斯康星大学奥克莱尔校区与奥克莱尔学区共同创立该项目,旨在帮助来自少数民族家庭的儿童提高阅读能力及文化素养。参加该项目的大学生志愿者与儿童结对进行帮扶,在受助儿童家中进行提升阅读能力的一对一辅导。